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Messaging and Event-Driven Architecture

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Communication Models and Topology

1. When should a system use asynchronous messaging instead of synchronous request-response?

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2. What is the difference between a message queue and an append-only log?

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3. How do point-to-point, publish-subscribe, and fan-out messaging differ?

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4. How do routing keys, topics, and subscriptions control message delivery?

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5. What ordering guarantees can a messaging system provide, and how do you choose an ordering key?

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Delivery and Consumer Correctness

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6. How do at-most-once, at-least-once, and effectively-once processing differ?

Mid-levelPaid Question

7. How do you design an idempotent message consumer?

SeniorPaid Question

8. How do acknowledgements, visibility timeouts, and offset commits handle consumer failure?

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9. How should message retries, dead-letter queues, and poison messages be handled?

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10. How do consumer groups scale processing, and what happens during rebalancing?

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Backpressure and Operational Safety

11. How do you handle backpressure and a growing message backlog?

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Consistency, Evolution, and Replay

12. What is the dual-write problem, and how do the transactional outbox and CDC address it?

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13. How do sagas coordinate a workflow across services?

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14. How do you evolve event schemas without breaking consumers?

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15. How do you replay events safely?

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Messaging Essentials

16. What are producers, brokers, and consumers in a messaging system?

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17. How do events and commands differ?

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18. What is a message backlog?

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19. What does acknowledging a message mean?

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20. What is a dead-letter queue?

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21. What makes a message durable?

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Delivery Design and Operations

22. How should message keys and partitions be chosen?

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23. How would you implement delayed or scheduled messages?

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24. When are priority queues appropriate?

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25. How do you bound message deduplication state?

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26. Which metrics show whether a message consumer is healthy?

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Large-Scale Event Architecture

27. How would you design cross-region messaging?

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28. What do broker transactions guarantee, and what do they not guarantee?

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29. How do you govern event contracts across teams?

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30. How do you migrate from one broker or topic topology to another?

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