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Microservices

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Basics of Microservices

1. What are the key principles of designing microservices?

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2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of microservices?

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3. How do you determine the granularity of a microservice?

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4. What are the challenges of splitting a monolithic application into microservices?

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5. What is the role of domain-driven design (DDD) in microservices?

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6. Can you describe a situation where using microservices is not appropriate?

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Communication Between Microservices

7. What are synchronous vs. asynchronous communication methods in microservices?

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8. What is an API Gateway, and why is it used in microservices?

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9. How does service discovery work?

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10. How do you handle communication failures between microservices?

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11. What are the trade-offs between using REST and gRPC for inter-service communication?

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12. How do you achieve eventual consistency in an asynchronous communication model?

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13. Can microservices communicate without an API Gateway? How?

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14. How is data stored in a microservices architecture?

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Data Management in Microservices

15. How do you handle data consistency in a distributed microservices system?

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16. How do you manage transactions across multiple microservices?

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17. Can you explain how to implement a Saga pattern for distributed transactions?

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18. How do you design a schema for services that need to query across multiple datasets?

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19. What is the role of CQRS and Event Sourcing in microservices?

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Security in Microservices

20. How do you secure communication between microservices?

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21. What is OAuth2, and how is it used in microservices?

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22. What are the common security challenges in a microservices architecture?

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23. How does a distributed system handle authentication and authorization?

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24. What are the differences between token-based and session-based authentication in microservices?

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25. How do you implement role-based access control (RBAC) in a distributed microservices architecture?

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26. How does an API Gateway help in managing security for microservices?

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Deployment and Scaling

27. What deployment strategies are commonly used for microservices?

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28. How do you scale microservices?

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29. What is containerization, and how does it benefit microservices?

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30. What is a service mesh, and how does it help in managing microservices deployments?

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31. How would you handle a scenario where scaling one microservice increases load on another?

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Resilience and Fault Tolerance

32. What is the Circuit Breaker pattern, and why is it important?

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33. How do you implement retries in microservices?

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34. What is bulkhead isolation, and how is it implemented?

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35. Can you explain the role of timeouts in building a resilient microservices architecture?

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Monitoring and Observability

36. How do you monitor microservices?

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37. What tools are commonly used for logging in microservices?

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38. What is distributed tracing, and why is it important?

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39. How do you handle logging across multiple services?

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40. How do you monitor the health of a microservices system in real time?

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41. How would you design a system to capture metrics, logs, and traces for observability?

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Testing Microservices

42. What are the challenges in testing microservices?

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43. What is contract testing, and how does it help in microservices?

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44. What tools are used for automated testing in microservices?

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45. How do you design unit tests for microservices with external dependencies?

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46. How do you implement end-to-end testing in a microservices architecture?

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47. What are the limitations of mocking in microservices testing?

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Tools and Frameworks

48. What is the role of Kafka in a microservices architecture?

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49. How is Docker used in microservices?

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50. What is Istio, and how does it help with microservices?

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51. How do you choose between Kafka and RabbitMQ for messaging in microservices?

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Real-Life Scenarios

52. How do you migrate a monolithic application to microservices?

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53. How do you debug performance issues in microservices?

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54. What are the common challenges faced in microservices production systems?

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