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MongoDB

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Basics and Introduction

1. What is MongoDB, and how is it different from relational databases?

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2. Explain the document-oriented model in MongoDB

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3. What are collections and documents in MongoDB?

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4. What are BSON and JSON in MongoDB?

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Data Modeling

5. How do you model relationships in MongoDB (e.g., embedding vs. referencing)?

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6. What are the advantages of using embedding over referencing in MongoDB?

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7. How does MongoDB handle schema design?

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8. How do you design a one-to-many relationship in MongoDB?

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9. How do you design a many-to-many relationship in MongoDB?

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CRUD Operations

10. How do you query documents in MongoDB?

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11. How do you insert, update, delete documents in MongoDB?

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12. What is the difference between findOne() and find() in MongoDB?

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Indexing

13. What are indexes in MongoDB?

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14. How do you create an index in MongoDB?

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15. What types of indexes are available in MongoDB?

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Aggregation Framework

16. What is the aggregation framework in MongoDB?

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17. How does the $match stage work in aggregation?

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18. How does the $group stage work in aggregation?

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19. What is the difference between the aggregation framework and map-reduce in MongoDB?

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20. How do you perform complex transformations using the aggregation framework?

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Replication and Sharding

21. How do replica sets provide high availability in MongoDB?

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22. What happens during a replica set failover, and how should an application handle it?

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23. How do read preference, read concern, and write concern differ?

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24. How does a MongoDB sharded cluster distribute and route data?

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25. How do you choose an effective shard key?

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Performance and Optimization

26. How do you diagnose a slow MongoDB query?

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27. How should fields be ordered in a compound MongoDB index?

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28. How do you optimize an aggregation pipeline?

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29. Which production factors commonly cause MongoDB performance problems?

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Transactions

30. When should you use a multi-document transaction in MongoDB?

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31. How does an application execute and retry a MongoDB transaction?

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32. What isolation and durability guarantees do MongoDB transactions provide?

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33. What are the main costs and limitations of MongoDB transactions?

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Security

34. How should you secure a production MongoDB deployment?

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35. How do authentication and authorization work in MongoDB?

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36. What encryption options does MongoDB provide?

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37. How do you prevent MongoDB query injection and accidental data exposure?

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Tools and Ecosystem

38. Which MongoDB tools should an engineer know, and what is each used for?

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39. What are MongoDB change streams, and when would you use them?

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40. How should you back up and restore MongoDB?

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